Journal: Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)

Article Title: Investigating the Thioredoxin and Glutathione Systems' Response in Lymphoma Cells after Treatment with [Au(d2pype)2]CL.

doi: 10.3390/antiox10010104

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 4. [Au(d2pype)2]Cl generates intracellular ROS and decreases the GSH/GSSG (reduced form of GSH/oxidized form of GSH) ratio in lymphoma cells. KMH2, SUDHL2, and SUDHL4 were treated with [Au(d2pype)2]Cl or co-treated with [Au(d2pype)2]Cl and NAC for 24 h. (A–C) GSH/GSSG ratio were measured using DTNB reduction. (D–F) ROS levels were measured using H2DCFDA oxidation. (G–I) Caspase-3 activity was measured using a fluorogenic assay. (J–L) Cell growth was detected by MTT assay. Results were analysed by one-way ANOVA using Dunnett’s post-test (A–C,J–L). Results were analysed by two-way ANOVA using Sidak’s multiple comparisons test (D–I). Values indicate mean ± SEM (n = 3). * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p <0.0001, compared to untreated cells (A–C,J–L), or comparing 0 mM NAC to 5 mM NAC samples (D–I).

Article Snippet: Briefly, lymphoma cells were treated with inhibitors for 24 h before incubation with 5 μM H2DCFDA (Molecular probes, CA, USA) for 30 min. DCF, the oxidized form of H2DCFDA, was measured by using the FLUOstar Optima plate reader (BMG Lab-tech, Ortenberg, Germany) with a fluorescence excitation wavelength of 495 nm and emission wavelength of 515 nm.

Techniques: Activity Assay, MTT Assay